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Units in gas viscosity calculation:
oC=degrees Celsius, K=Kelvin, oF=degrees Fahrenheit, oR=degrees Rankine, lb-s/ft2=pound-second per square foot, slug/ft-s=slug per foot per second, N-s/m2=Newton-second per square meter, kg/m-s=kilogram per meter per second, SG=specific gravity
The viscosity on this page is the dynamic (absolute) viscosity. Dynamic viscosity of gases is primarily a function of temperature. This variation is provided in Crane (1988) as a graph for hydrocarbon vapors and natural gases, and as an equation for other common gases. The impact of pressure is minor and the viscosity correction for pressure is less than 10% for the gases in our calculation for pressures up to 500 psi (34.5 bar) (Crane, 1988).
Hydrocarbon vapors and natural gases
The LMNO Engineering calculation takes the user input temperature and extracts viscosity from the graph on page A-5 in Crane (1988), performing linear interpolation if needed. The input temperature is restricted to the range 0 < temperature < 1000oF.
Other gases
Gas viscosity is computed using Sutherland's formula (Crane, 1988):
Engineering Calculator App
μ = μo*(a/b)*(T/To)3/2
a = 0.555To + C
b = 0.555T + C
where
μ = viscosity in centipoise at input temperature T
μo = reference viscosity in centipoise at reference temperature To
T = input temperature in degrees Rankine
To = reference temperature in degrees Rankine
C = Sutherland's constant
The following table gives the values of Sutherland's constant and the reference temperature and viscosity for the gases used in the LMNO Engineering calculation. Values of Sutherland's constant are from Crane (1988, p.A-5). The reference temperatures and viscosities were selected from CRC (1984, pp.F-42-44).
| Sutherland's constant, C | To (oR) | μo (centipoise) | |
| standard air | 120 | 524.07 | 0.01827 |
| ammonia, NH3 | 370 | 527.67 | 0.00982 |
| carbon dioxide, CO2 | 240 | 527.67 | 0.01480 |
| carbon monoxide, CO | 118 | 518.67 | 0.01720 |
| hydrogen, H2 | 72 | 528.93 | 0.00876 |
| nitrogen, N2 | 111 | 540.99 | 0.01781 |
| oxygen, O2 | 127 | 526.05 | 0.02018 |
| sulfur dioxide, SO2 | 416 | 528.57 | 0.01254 |
Validity of gas viscosity equation
For hydrocarbon vapors and natural gases, input temperature T is restricted to the range
0 < temperature < 1000oF.
For other gases, input temperature must be at least absolute zero (0 K).
If the input temperature is outside the valid range, an error message is printed and viscosity is not computed.
The impact of pressure is minor, and the viscosity correction for pressure is less than 10% for the gases in our calculation for pressures up to 500 psi (34.5 bar) (Crane, 1988).
References for gas viscosity
Chemical Rubber Company (CRC). 1984. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Weast, Robert C., editor. 65th edition. CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton, Florida. USA.
Crane Company. 1988. Flow of fluids through valves, fittings, and pipe. Technical Paper No. 410 (TP 410).
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